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Estonia, located in Northern Europe, is a country full of surprises and rich history. From its small population of 1.3 million to its diverse culture, Estonia offers a unique perspective on the world. Let’s delve into the essential and interesting facts about this Baltic gem.
Essential Facts
Estonia’s Borders and Division
- Estonia shares land borders with only two countries: Latvia to the south and Russia to the east.
- The country is divided into 15 counties, each with its unique history and culture.
- The largest county, Harju County, home to Estonia’s capital Tallinn, boasts over half a million residents.
Tallinn: An Urban Oasis
- Tallinn, the capital of Estonia, is the only city with a population exceeding 100,000.
- With a population of around 450,000, Tallinn stands out as a cultural hub in the heart of Estonia.
Independence and Great Diversity
- Estonia celebrates two Independence Days, reflecting its struggle for freedom from Russia in 1918 and 1991.
- The country is ethnically diverse, with Estonians making up 69% of the population, followed by Russians and other minorities.
Interesting Facts
Estonia’s Resilient History
- Estonia has been conquered by various empires throughout its history, including Danes, Germans, Swedes, Russians, and more.
- During World War II, Estonia suffered heavy casualties and enduring occupation by both Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union.
Language and Religion
- The Estonian language belongs to the Uralic group, distinct from the Slavic languages, such as Russian.
- Estonia is one of the least religious countries globally, with a significant portion of the population identifying as irreligious.
Development and Innovation
- Despite its tumultuous past, Estonia has emerged as a highly developed country, surpassing many former Soviet republics.
- Estonia is known for its technological advancements, with inventions like Skype originating from Estonian minds.
Island Paradise and Literacy
- Estonia is home to over 1,500 islands, including Saaremaa and Hiiumaa, popular tourist destinations.
- The country boasts an impressive literacy rate of 99.8%, ranking among the highest globally.
Gender Disparity and E-Voting
- Estonia’s population is declining, with more women than men, reflecting lower life expectancy among males.
- Estonia pioneered e-voting, allowing citizens to vote online in national elections since 2005, enhancing democratic participation.
Capital Alternatives and Free Transportation
- While Tallinn is the official capital, Tartu and Parnu serve as cultural and summer capitals of Estonia.
- Tallinn offers free public transportation, promoting accessibility, sustainability, and a strong sense of community.
Conclusion
Estonia’s unique blend of history, culture, and innovation makes it a hidden gem in Northern Europe. From its diverse population to its groundbreaking technological contributions, Estonia continues to captivate and inspire. Explore this Baltic wonder and discover the many facets of this enchanting country.
